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The biological diversity of humans is immense: from our physical appearance to our various abilities to digest certain foods, our relationships with pathogens, and our susceptibility to certain diseases. But what are the origins and factors that shape this diversity? What is the respective contribution of environmental and genetic factors to the phenotypic diversity observed in humans today? How do natural selection and the demographic history of our species shape the genetic diversity of human populations? The aim of my inaugural lecture is to show how all these questions are being tackled using evolutionary and human genomic approaches.

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