1. Introduction: One Hundred Years of Natural History in Turkmenistan; V. Fet. 2. Landscapes of Turkmenistan; A.G. Babaev. 3. Climate of Turkmenistan; N.S. Orlovsky. 4. Paleogeography of Turkmenistan; K.I. Atamuradov. 5. Desertification of the Arid Lands of Turkmenistan; N.G. Kharin. 6. Vegetation of the Deserts of Turkmenistan; I.G. Rustamov. 7. Flora of Kopetdagh; D. Kurbanov. 8. Kopetdagh-Khorassan Flora: Regional Features of Central Kopetdagh; G.L. Kamakhina. 9. Vegetation of Southwest Kopetdagh; G.N. Fet. 10. Trees, Shrubs, and Semishrubs in the Mountains of Turkmenistan; K.P. Popov. 11. Ecosystem Structure of Subtropical Arid Pistachio Woodlands in Southern Turkmenistan; R.I. Zlotin. 12. Biogeographic Position of Khorassan-Kopetdagh; V. Fet. 13. Vertebrates in the Red Data Book of Turkmenistan; A.K. Rustamov, O. Sopyev. 14. Ecology of the Bearded Goat (Capra aegargus Ersleben, 1777) in Turkmenistan; V.M. Korshunov. 15. Ecology of Birds in the Karakum Desert; A.K. Rustamov. 16. Ecological Structure of Bird Population in the Transcaspian Region: Cartographic Analysis and Problems of Conservation; E.A. Rustamov. 17. Kidney Structure and its Role in Osmoregulation in Desert Birds; M.A. Amanova. 18. On the Evolution of the Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.) in Middle Asia; A.V. Solokha. 19. Zoogeographic Analysis of Reptiles of Turkmenistan; N.N. Shcherbak. 20. Reptiles of Kopetdagh; Ch. Ataev, A.K. Rustamov, S. Shammakov. 21. Geographic Variability of Phrynocephalus rossikowi Nik. (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Turkmenistan and Adjacent Regions; M.L. Golubev, V.V. Manilo, A.A. Tokar. 22. Formation of Fish Populations in the Artificial Water Bodies of Turkmenistan (the Amudarya River Drainage; V.B. Salnikov. 23. Arthropods Inhabiting Rodent Burrows in the Karakum Desert; V.A. Krivokhatsky. 24. Zoogeography of Coleoptera in Turkmenistan; O.L. Kryzhanovsky, K.I. Atamuradov. 25. Zoogeography and Ecology of Buprestids (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Kopetdagh and the Adjacent Regions of Southern Turkmenistan; M.G. Volkovich, A.V. Alexeev. 26. Fauna, Zoogeography, and Ecology of Orthoptera of Turkmenistan; T. Tokgaev. 27. Encyrtid Wasps of Turkmenistan (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae); S.N. Myartseva. 28. Zoogeography and Ecological Aspects of the Formation of Horse Fly Fauna (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Turkmenistan; R.V. Andreeva. 29. Anti-Lions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Turkmenistan; V.A. Krivokhatsky. 30. Fauna and Zoogeography of Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Turkmenistan; K.G. Michailov, V. Fet. 31. Fauna and Zoogeography of Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in Turkmenistan; V. Fet. 32. Zoogeography of Molluscs of Turkmenistan; Ya.I. Starobogatov. Index.

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