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Pythagoras of Samos was an ancient Greek philosopher and founder of Pythagoreanism. Known for his teachings on mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy, he is credited with the Pythagorean theorem and the doctrine of metempsychosis. His secretive school in Croton emphasized communal living and spiritual teachings. Although his life is shrouded in legend, Pythagoras greatly influenced later thinkers, including Plato, and left a lasting legacy on Western thought, science, and art. No writings by Pythagoras survive, and much of what is known about him is debated.

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